The Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) is Pakistan’s largest social protection initiative to help poor and needy families. Originally launched to honor the vision of Benazir Bhutto, it provides direct financial aid to households that struggle to meet essential needs.
In 2025, the programme has become stronger under the leadership of Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, President Asif Ali Zardari, and Punjab Chief Minister Maryam Nawaz Sharif. Their joint efforts are ensuring that millions of vulnerable families across Pakistan get financial support for food, education, healthcare, and daily living.
BISP is more than a welfare scheme. It is a lifeline of empowerment, especially for women, who receive cash directly in their hands, giving them dignity, strength, and independence.
Key Programs Under BISP 2025
BISP includes several sub-programs, each designed to target a specific need:
1. Benazir Kafalat Program
- What it does: Provides quarterly financial assistance directly to poor women.
- Who can get it: Registered women from low-income households.
- Main benefit: Regular cash installments that cover food, clothes, and home expenses, empowering women to manage their households.
2. Benazir Taleemi Wazaif
- What it does: Offers cash scholarships to parents who send their children to school.
- Who can get it: School-going children from primary to higher secondary levels.
- Main benefit: Helps reduce dropout rates by ensuring boys and girls can continue their education.
3. Benazir Nashonuma Program
- What it does: Provides nutritious food, supplements, and medical check-ups.
- Who can get it: Pregnant women, nursing mothers, and children under two years.
- Main benefit: Better health outcomes for mothers and children, reducing stunting and malnutrition.
4. Benazir Hunarmand Youth Skill Program
- What it does: Delivers free vocational and technical training.
- Who can get it: Young unemployed men and women.
- Main benefit: Skill-building opportunities that increase employability and future income.
5. Support for Disabled Persons
- What it does: Provides cash support, assistive devices, and special services.
- Who can get it: Persons with disabilities registered under BISP.
- Main benefit: Improved quality of life, independence, and access to resources.
6. Senior Citizens Assistance
- What it does: Offers monthly stipends.
- Who can get it: Adults aged 60 and above.
- Main benefit: Ensures elderly citizens can buy medicines and meet basic needs with dignity.
7. Entrepreneurship and Business Grants
- What it does: Provides small business grants.
- Who can get it: Low-income families wanting to start micro-businesses.
- Main benefit: Encourages financial independence through entrepreneurship.
How to Check Eligibility for BISP 2025
Beneficiaries can confirm their eligibility and payment details through official digital channels:
- SMS Method: Send your 13-digit CNIC number to 8171. You will instantly receive a reply about your eligibility.
- Online Portal: Visit the official BISP website (8171.bisp.gov.pk), enter your CNIC, complete captcha verification, and check status.
- Biometric Verification: Cash disbursement is only done through biometric verification to ensure transparency.
- PMT Score: The Proxy Means Test score is used to identify households most in need. Families with lower scores are prioritized.
September 2025 BISP Payments and New Initiatives
- Payment Phase: Registered women are receiving updated cash transfers of Rs. 13,500 per quarter.
- Skill-Training Drive: BISP has partnered with industries to expand vocational training for unemployed youth.
- Digital Banking Expansion: Payments are increasingly distributed through HBL Konnect, ATMs, and secure bank transfers.
Why BISP is a Lifeline for Families
The Benazir Income Support Programme continues to transform lives:
- Reduces poverty and hunger.
- Empowers women by giving them direct control over financial aid.
- Improves access to education through Taleemi Wazaif.
- Strengthens healthcare for mothers and children under Nashonuma.
- Creates employment pathways through the Hunarmand Youth Skill Program.
- Supports elderly citizens and disabled persons with dignity.
In 2025, BISP is not just about survival—it is about building a stronger and more inclusive Pakistan.
Quick Reference – BISP 2025 Key Programs
Program Name | What It Does | Who Can Get It | Main Help |
---|---|---|---|
Benazir Kafalat | Quarterly cash for women to manage home expenses. | Poor and deserving women | Direct cash into women’s accounts. |
Benazir Taleemi Wazaif | Scholarships for school-going children. | Children from primary to higher | Monthly education support. |
Benazir Nashonuma | Nutrition and medical care for mothers and babies. | Pregnant women and infants | Free food, check-ups, and cash. |
Hunarmand Youth Program | Free training for skills and jobs. | Unemployed youth | Job opportunities after training. |
Support for Disabled Persons | Cash and assistive support for differently-abled people. | Persons with disabilities | Financial aid and devices. |
Senior Citizens Assistance | Monthly stipends for elderly citizens. | People aged 60+ | Cash for medicine and basic needs. |
Entrepreneurship Grants | Grants for small businesses. | Poor households | Seed money for self-employment. |
Benazir Kafaalat Program 2025 – Complete Guide for Beneficiaries
The Benazir Kafaalat Program is one of Pakistan’s largest and most impactful financial support schemes. It was launched by the Government of Pakistan to reduce poverty, provide relief to struggling families, and empower women as decision-makers within their households.
By offering direct cash transfers every month, the program gives millions of poor and deserving women the ability to manage food, education, clothing, healthcare, and other essential needs. In 2025, the scope of the Benazir Kafaalat Program has been expanded further under the NSER Dynamic Survey, ensuring that more families living below the poverty line are included.
Benazir Kafaalat Program 2025 – Summary Table
Feature | Details |
---|---|
Program Name | Benazir Kafaalat Program |
Monthly Support | PKR 13,500 (2025 Updated Amount) |
Eligible Beneficiaries | Poor and deserving women |
Apply Method | Female head of household with a valid CNIC |
Eligibility Requirement | Female head of household with valid CNIC |
Benefits of the Benazir Kafaalat Program
- Monthly Cash Assistance: PKR 13,500 provided every month for household relief.
- Support for Widows and Orphans: Ensures financial stability for the most vulnerable families.
- Household Expense Coverage: Helps in purchasing food, clothing, school supplies, and other necessities.
- Special Benefits: Additional focus on disabled women and senior citizens.
- Simple Registration and Payments: Easy application process and fast disbursement of funds.
This program is designed not only to fight poverty but also to empower women financially, giving them direct access to resources without middlemen.
Eligibility Criteria for Benazir Kafaalat 2025
You are eligible if:
- You are a female head of household.
- Your family is poor and deserving as per the BISP poverty score.
- You have a valid CNIC issued by NADRA.
- You are not receiving a government salary or pension.
- You are registered in the NSER Dynamic Survey.
These conditions ensure that assistance is targeted toward the most deserving women and families across Pakistan.
How to Apply for the Benazir Kafaalat Program 2025
The registration process has been made very simple:
- SMS Method: Send your CNIC number to 8171.
- Visit a BISP Office: Go to the nearest BISP registration center with your CNIC.
- Complete Dynamic Survey: Provide household details and complete your registration.
- Wait for Confirmation: A verification message from 8171 will confirm your eligibility and payment details.
Once approved, you will start receiving monthly PKR 13,500 directly through HBL Konnect agents, ATMs, or BISP centers.
Why the Benazir Kafaalat Program Matters
The Benazir Kafaalat Program 2025 is more than just financial aid. It is:
- A tool of empowerment for poor women.
- A way to reduce poverty across Pakistan.
- A system that promotes education and child welfare.
- A guarantee of dignity and independence for women who previously relied entirely on others.
By focusing on direct transfers and transparent verification, the program ensures that money reaches the right hands at the right time.
Benazir Taleemi Wazaif 2025 – Complete Guide for Education Scholarships
The Benazir Taleemi Wazaif Program is a special initiative under the Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) designed to help poor and low-income families provide education for their children. The Government of Pakistan provides direct cash scholarships so that parents can send their children to school without worrying about admission fees, books, or uniforms.
This program is specifically meant for the children of women already registered in the Benazir Kafaalat Program, ensuring that no child is deprived of education due to financial hardships. In 2025, the Taleemi Wazaif initiative will have been expanded to cover more schools and students, reducing dropout rates and increasing enrollment across Pakistan.
Benazir Taleemi Wazaif 2025 – Summary Table
Feature | Details |
---|---|
Program Name | Benazir Taleemi Wazaif (Education Scholarships) |
Scholarship Amount | Rs. 1,500 – Rs. 4,000 (Based on education level) |
Eligible Beneficiaries | Children of women in the Benazir Kafaalat Program |
Apply Method | Register at the nearest BISP office with the child’s B-Form |
Eligibility | Children aged 4–22 years enrolled in school |
Status Check | 8171 Web Portal |
Benefits of Benazir Taleemi Wazaif 2025
- Free Cash Scholarships: Direct financial support for school-going children.
- Covers All Levels: Support for both boys and girls from primary to higher secondary education.
- Encourages Enrollment: Parents are motivated to send children to school regularly.
- Covers Educational Costs: Helps in paying school fees, buying books, uniforms, and supplies.
- Support for Orphans & Widows: Ensures children of widows and low-income women continue their education.
This program directly contributes to higher literacy rates, gender equality in education, and reduced financial pressure on families.
Eligibility Criteria for Taleemi Wazaif 2025
The child’s mother must already be a registered beneficiary of the BISP Kafaalat Program. Children are eligible under the following conditions:
- Age Requirement: Children aged 4–22 years.
- Primary Level: 4–12 years
- Secondary Level: 8–18 years
- Higher Secondary Level: 13–22 years
- School Enrollment: Child must be enrolled in a government or private school.
- Attendance Requirement: At least 70% school attendance is mandatory to continue receiving payments.
How to Apply for Benazir Taleemi Wazaif 2025
Follow these easy steps for registration:
- The mother must already be a part of the Benazir Kafaalat Program.
- Visit the nearest BISP office with the following documents:
- Mother’s CNIC
- Child’s B-Form (NADRA issued)
- School verification form (filled and signed by the school)
- Register the child in the Taleemi Wazaif system.
- Once verified, the child will start receiving monthly or quarterly scholarships.
Why Benazir Taleemi Wazaif Matters in 2025
The Benazir Taleemi Wazaif 2025 is not just about financial support—it is about:
- Breaking the cycle of poverty through education.
- Empowering girls and boys equally by ensuring continued schooling.
- Reducing dropout rates in rural and urban communities.
- Helping widows and single mothers secure their children’s education.
- Creating long-term opportunities for employment and stability.
By supporting education at all levels, the program paves the way for a stronger and more educated Pakistan.
Benazir Nashonuma Program 2025 – Complete Guide for Mothers and Children
The Benazir Nashonuma Program 2025 is a health-focused initiative launched by the Government of Pakistan under BISP to improve the health and nutrition of women and children in poor families. It provides special financial aid along with nutrition-rich food packages to pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and newborn babies.
This program plays a vital role in reducing malnutrition, anemia, and stunted growth while ensuring that mothers and children stay healthy during the most critical stages of life.
The Benazir Nashonuma Program combines cash support and nutrition packages so that women can take proper care of themselves during pregnancy and provide healthy food to their children. Its main focus areas include:
- Healthy pregnancies
- Proper growth of newborn babies
- Reducing child mortality in Pakistan
Benazir Nashonuma Program 2025 – Summary Table
Feature | Details |
---|---|
Program Name | Benazir Nashonuma Program |
Monthly Support | Rs. 2,000 + Free Nutrition Packages |
Eligible Beneficiaries | Pregnant women & children under 2 years |
Apply Method | Register at the nearest Nashonuma Center |
Eligibility | Poor women with CNIC registered in BISP |
Check Status | Visit your district hospital, Nashonuma desk |
Benefits of Benazir Nashonuma Program 2025
- Cash support for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers.
- Free nutrition-rich food packages for mothers and babies.
- Vaccination and health check-ups for children under 2 years.
- Awareness sessions on mother and child health care.
- Support for poor families in both rural and urban areas.
This ensures better maternal health, safe pregnancies, and healthier future generations.
Eligibility Criteria for Nashonuma Program 2025
To qualify, the following conditions must be met:
- Woman must be pregnant or have a child under 2 years of age.
- Family must be poor and deserving, registered in BISP.
- Must have a valid CNIC.
- Children must be vaccinated regularly as per official health schedule.
How to Apply for the Benazir Nashonuma Program 2025
Follow these simple steps to apply:
- Visit the nearest Benazir Nashonuma Center (available in district hospitals).
- Carry the required documents:
- Mother’s CNIC
- Child’s B-Form (if applicable)
- Pregnancy report from a doctor
- Complete registration with the health officer at the center.
- Start receiving monthly cash aid and free nutrition packages.
This transparent process ensures that help reaches the most deserving women without middlemen or delays.
Why the Benazir Nashonuma Program Matters in 2025
- Reduces maternal and infant mortality rates.
- Provides essential healthcare and food for women and children.
- Encourages regular check-ups and vaccinations.
- Helps families in rural and underdeveloped areas.
- Empowers women with financial support and awareness.
By combining financial aid, food security, and healthcare, the Nashonuma Program ensures that Pakistan’s future generations grow healthier and stronger.
Benazir Hunarmand Program 2025 – Youth Skill Development Initiative
The Benazir Hunarmand Program (Youth Skill Development Program) is a landmark initiative launched under BISP to empower the youth of Pakistan. It provides free technical and vocational training to young people, helping them learn valuable skills, secure jobs, or start their own businesses.
This program is designed to reduce unemployment and create new opportunities for the youth by 2025, turning them into active contributors to the economy.
The Benazir Hunarmand Program offers skill-based courses in diverse fields such as IT, technical trades, handicrafts, and entrepreneurship. Its main focus is on:
- Providing job-ready skills to the youth
- Encouraging small business startups
- Reducing poverty through skill development
Benazir Hunarmand Program 2025 – Summary Table
Feature | Details |
---|---|
Program Name | Benazir Hunarmand Program (Youth Skill Program) |
Support Provided | Free skills training + monthly stipend |
Eligible Beneficiaries | Youth (18–35 years) from poor families |
Apply Method | Online portal or nearest BISP office |
Eligibility | Valid CNIC and interest in learning skills |
Check Status | BISP Youth Skill Portal |
Benefits of Benazir Hunarmand Program 2025
- Free technical and vocational training for young men and women.
- Monthly stipend provided during training.
- Certification from recognized institutions after course completion.
- Opportunities for internships and job placement to secure employment.
- Special encouragement for women and rural youth to participate.
Eligibility Criteria for Hunarmand Program 2025
To qualify for this program, the applicant must:
- Be between 18 to 35 years old.
- Have a valid CNIC.
- Belong to a poor or deserving family.
- Preference will be given to those already registered in BISP programs.
- Both men and women are eligible to apply.
How to Apply for the Benazir Hunarmand Program 2025
Follow these easy steps to register successfully:
- Visit the official BISP Hunarmand registration portal or your nearest BISP office.
- Fill out the online application form with your details:
- CNIC number
- Educational documents
- Recent photograph
- Select the skill/course you wish to learn.
- Submit the form and wait for the confirmation SMS from BISP.
Once registered, you will be enrolled in training and start receiving a stipend during the program.
Why the Benazir Hunarmand Program Matters in 2025
This program is not just about skills—it is about hope, employment, and empowerment. By equipping the youth with modern, practical training, the government is ensuring:
- Job creation through skilled manpower.
- Entrepreneurship opportunities for small business startups.
- Women’s empowerment by including more female participants.
- Rural development by extending skill centers to remote areas.
- Poverty reduction by enabling families to become self-reliant.
Benazir Support for Disabled Persons Program 2025
The Benazir Support for Disabled Persons Program 2025 is a dedicated initiative under BISP that supports disabled and differently-abled people in Pakistan. This welfare program provides monthly cash assistance, healthcare services, and mobility aids such as wheelchairs, hearing aids, and walking sticks to make life easier for beneficiaries.
Its aim is to empower disabled individuals, reduce social barriers, and ensure they get equal opportunities in society. Beyond financial aid, the program also introduces skill development and small business support, helping differently-abled people become self-reliant and independent.
Benazir Support for Disabled Persons 2025 – Summary Table
Feature | Details |
---|---|
Program Name | Benazir Support for Disabled Persons |
Support Provided | Monthly cash assistance + free mobility aids |
Eligible Beneficiaries | Disabled men, women, and children |
Apply Method | Register at nearest BISP or Social Welfare office |
Eligibility | Valid disability certificate and CNIC |
Check Status | 8171 SMS or nearest BISP office |
Benefits of Benazir Disabled Persons Program 2025
- Monthly cash assistance to support household expenses.
- Free mobility aids including wheelchairs, hearing aids, and walking sticks.
- Access to special healthcare services and rehabilitation facilities.
- Priority admission in skill development and vocational programs for earning opportunities.
- Simple and quick registration process for families with disabled members.
Eligibility Criteria for Disabled Persons Support
To qualify for the program, applicants must:
- Hold a valid disability certificate issued by a recognized medical board.
- Belong to a poor or deserving family.
- Be registered in the National Database (NADRA).
- Adults and children with disabilities are both eligible.
How to Apply for the Benazir Disabled Persons Program 2025
Follow these easy steps to apply successfully:
- Visit your nearest BISP office or District Social Welfare Office.
- Bring the following documents with you:
- Original CNIC (or B-Form for children)
- A disability certificate from a recognized medical board
- Fill out the registration form for disabled persons.
- Wait for the verification and approval SMS from BISP.
Once approved, you will begin receiving cash assistance along with access to additional services such as healthcare and mobility aids.
Why the Disabled Persons Support Program Matters
This program is not just financial assistance; it is social inclusion and empowerment. By directly supporting disabled individuals, BISP ensures:
- Better healthcare access and rehabilitation services.
- Financial stability for families caring for disabled members.
- Equal opportunities through skills training and business support.
- Enhanced dignity and independence for beneficiaries across Pakistan.
How to Check Your Eligibility for BISP Support via 8171
The Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) is Pakistan’s largest welfare initiative designed to help poor families who truly need financial support. The government carefully checks households to ensure that the money goes only to deserving people.
Who Can Get BISP Support?
Eligible families are those who cannot afford basic needs such as food, clothing, education, and healthcare. This includes:
- Widows and orphans
- Persons with disabilities with no source of income
- Families living in poverty with no assets, like large houses or land
- Senior citizens above 60 years with no financial support
These families depend on BISP assistance to survive and manage daily expenses.
Who Cannot Get BISP Support?
Ineligible families are those living a financially comfortable life. They are not allowed to receive BISP support because they already have income sources. This includes:
- Families with a government employee or pension holder
- Households running big businesses or owning large properties
- Families with luxury cars, jeeps, or expensive assets
- Families receiving regular foreign remittances
This system ensures that resources are reserved for the poorest and most deserving families.
Step-by-Step Guide to Check BISP Eligibility via 8171
Step 1: Open SMS on your mobile
Take your phone and open the text messaging app.
Step 2: Enter your CNIC number
Type your 13-digit CNIC number carefully without spaces.
Step 3: Send it to 8171
Send the message to 8171. This service is completely free for all users.
Step 4: Wait for the reply
Within a few minutes, you will receive an SMS reply confirming whether you are eligible for BISP support or not.
What Happens After You Check CNIC on 8171?
- If Eligible: You will receive instructions about how to collect your payment or proceed with registration.
- If Not Eligible: The message will inform you about the disqualification. In many cases, families must update their details in the NSER survey before becoming eligible again.
Why Check BISP Eligibility via 8171?
- It is fast and easy.
- You can check from anywhere in Pakistan.
- It saves time and avoids long office queues.
- You can check multiple times without charges.
Important Tips for 8171 Eligibility Check
- Always make sure your CNIC is valid and updated.
- If your CNIC has expired or is blocked, renew it from NADRA first.
- If you do not receive a reply, wait a few hours and try again.
- Keep your registered SIM active to receive payment alerts.
Eligibility & Non-Eligibility Criteria for BISP Programs 2025
Eligible Families | Ineligible Families |
---|---|
Families with very low monthly income | Families earning high monthly salaries or running profitable businesses |
Widows (women whose husbands have passed away) | Families with government employees or pensioners |
Orphans (children who lost both parents) | Families owning big houses, plots, or luxury apartments |
Disabled persons with no proper income | Families owning expensive cars, jeeps, or luxury vehicles |
Poor pregnant women for Benazir Nashonuma Program | Families paying high utility bills beyond fixed limits |
Parents sending children to school for Benazir Taleemi Wazaif | Parents not sending children to school |
Families registered in the NSER survey and approved for BISP | Youth already earning through businesses or skilled jobs |
Senior citizens (60+) with no family support for BISP Kafaalat | Families receiving regular foreign remittances |
Families registered in NSER survey and approved for BISP | Unemployed youth seeking jobs under the Benazir Hunarmand Program |
People affected by floods, earthquakes, or disasters | Families not registered in NSER or marked as disqualified |
Latest BISP News and Updates 2025
The Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) is one of Pakistan’s largest welfare programs that helps poor and needy families. It was launched to provide financial support to women and households struggling with food, healthcare, and education expenses. Over the years, BISP has transformed into a strong system that provides hope and dignity to millions across Pakistan.
In 2025, BISP introduced several new updates and improvements to strengthen financial aid and skill-building opportunities. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, President Asif Ali Zardari, and Punjab’s Chief Minister Maryam Nawaz Sharif, the program is expanding to reach even more families.
The government acknowledges the struggles of families due to high food prices, fuel costs, and inflation. That’s why BISP is increasing cash payments, making the distribution system faster, and introducing job-training programs to empower youth. These reforms directly address poverty and support poor families in living with dignity.
Major BISP Updates in 2025
- Kafalat Installment Increase
- September 2025 Payment Phase
- New Skill-Training Drive with KCCI
Kafalat Installment Increase 2025 – Full Details
The Benazir Kafalat Program is the backbone of BISP. It provides quarterly cash to deserving women. In 2025, the government increased the installment from Rs. 9,000 to Rs. 13,500 due to inflation and rising living costs.
Benefits of the Increase
- Women can buy more food, medicines, and essential household items.
- Families can pay school fees with more confidence.
- Women gain independence and empowerment through direct cash access.
Who Can Get This Payment? (Eligibility Criteria)
- Poor women with no regular income.
- Widows (whose husbands have passed away).
- Families registered in the BISP NSER survey.
- Families without big houses, land, or luxury vehicles.
- Women with a PMT score below 32 (poverty cutoff).
How to Apply for the Kafalat Program?
- Visit your nearest BISP Tehsil Office with your original CNIC.
- Complete the Dynamic Survey for registration.
- Send your CNIC to 8171 to check eligibility.
- If eligible, you will start receiving Rs. 13,500 every three months.
September 2025 Payment Phase – Complete Guide
The September 2025 BISP Payment Phase has officially started. This is a part of the Kafalat program and other projects, with payments distributed district by district and city by city to avoid crowding.
Phase-Wise Distribution
Phase 1 (Starting 10 September 2025)
- Punjab: Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Sialkot, Rawalpindi, Bahawalpur.
- Sindh: Karachi (all towns), Hyderabad, Sukkur, Larkana.
- Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Peshawar, Mardan, Swat, Abbottabad.
- Balochistan: Quetta, Gwadar, Khuzdar.
Phase 2 (Starting 15 September 2025)
- Punjab: Sargodha, Gujranwala, Rahim Yar Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Okara.
- Sindh: Thatta, Badin, Mirpur Khas, and Jacobabad.
- KP: Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan, Kohat, Charsadda.
- Balochistan: Turbat, Zhob, Loralai.
Phase 3 (Starting 20 September 2025)
- Gilgit-Baltistan & AJK: Gilgit, Skardu, Muzaffarabad, Mirpur, Kotli.
Benefits of the September Payment Phase
- Families can manage food, medicine, and utility bills.
- Provides financial security during rising inflation.
- Strengthens the government’s fight against poverty.
How to Collect Your Payment?
- Check payment status by sending CNIC to 8171.
- Visit your district’s payment center, ATM, or authorized bank agent.
- Bring your original CNIC for biometric verification.
- Payments are free of cost; do not pay extra to agents.
New Skill-Training Drive with KCCI – Empowering Youth in 2025
In collaboration with the Karachi Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KCCI), BISP launched a Skill-Training Drive for unemployed youth. This initiative focuses on IT, vocational trades, and entrepreneurship training to reduce unemployment.
Benefits of the Training Program
- Free courses for young men and women.
- Certificates from recognized institutions.
- Job placement opportunities in Pakistan and abroad.
- Monthly stipends during training to support families.
Eligibility Criteria
- Youth aged 18 to 35 years.
- Belonging to poor families with no regular income.
- Must have a valid CNIC and be willing to learn.
How to Apply?
- Visit your nearest BISP Tehsil Office or official website.
- Fill out the skill-training application form.
- Wait for the confirmation SMS with the course details.